Elimination of ectodermal microbes is a requisite for rearing certain insects on aseptically formulated diets. Whereas a number of antimicrobial agents will control ectodermal contaminants, they often kill many insects. Described herein are efforts to obtain a good balance between
surface sterilization and survival of pupae of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman.
The neutral lipids and the phospholipids and their fatty acids from 2 populations of insects belonging to Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are compared. The populations differ significantly from one another only in the amounts of neutral lipid and in amounts of plasmalogen present. The principal phospholipid base is choline. Serine and other amino acids are present in the lipid extracts. The amount of plasmalogen present in the lipids is much larger than that usually found in insects or in other animals. The fatty acids in all lipid categories are primarily 16- and 18-carbon acids, but 14- and 15-carbon fatty acids compose 10-20% of the fatty acids in the ethanolamine phospholipids.
The devastating attack of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. on pine trees depends on successful host selection, mass aggregation, and colonization, often progressing rapidly from tree to tree within a forest. Females beginning the attack release a pheromone, and the penetration of the bark by these beetles liberates host volatiles which complete the potent population attractant. The principal pheromone has been identified as l,5-dimc thyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo [B.2.1] octane (“frontalin”), which is concentrated in the hindguts of emergent adults. Other compounds identified from D. frontalis hindguts are trans-verbenol in females and vorbenone in males. We now report the identification of the host terpene responsible for boosting the attraction of frontalin, and results which explain the roles of trans-verbenol and verbenone in the aggregation mechanism.
RENWICK, JAA, and JP VITE. 1969. “BARK BEETLE ATTRACTANTS -MECHANISM OF COLONIZATION BY DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS.” Nature224 (5225): 1222-. https://doi.org/10.1038/2241222a0.
The DD-136 strain of Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser (Steinernematidae) after spray application to pine bark in 0.1% Formalin plus wetting agent entered pine bark beetle tunnels and killed 44% of the brood and adults of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann at 18 and 26 C, 60% relative humidity and at ambient temperatures and humidities
Neoaplectana carpocapsae, Dendroctonus frontalis, Southern pine back beetles, Temperature, Humidity, Achromobacter nematophilus.
MOORE, GE. 1970. “DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS INFECTION BY DD-136 STRAIN OF NEOAPLECTANA-CARPOCAPSAE AND ITS BACTERIUM COMPLEX.” Journal of Nematology2 (4): 341-. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19406625307
The southern pine beetle has appeared in the southern part of Pennsylvania, and during the winter of 1932-33, many areas of infestation were located in Franklin, Fulton and Bedford Counties. Although the northern range of the insect is recorded as extending across the southern part of the State, records of its capture are few and serious outbreaks up to the present time are practically unknown.
Knull, J. W. 1934. “The Southern Pine Beetle in Pennsylvania (Dendroctonus Frontalis Zimm.).” Journal of Economic Entomology27: 716–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/27.3.716.